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| An exercise in large scale reactor replacement. |
Evert P Kleynhans, Zbigniew F Matyja, A Paulo De Gavino Dias, Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd |
1999 / Q2 |
The
question was how best to design and fabricate - and then transport over
500km of roads - seven pressure vessels totalling 6600 tonnes, and
finally erect them in a live operating plant.
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| Operational life improvements in modern hydroprocessing reactors. |
Leslie P Antalffy and Michael B Knowles, Fluor Daniel Inc
Takayasu Tahara, Japan Steel Works Ltd
Pran N Chaku, ABB Lummus Global Inc. |
1999 / Q2 |
This
article outlines some of the major problems that can occur during the
service life of hydroprocessing reactors resulting from
existing manufacturing flaws and through the high temperature and
pressure hydrogen environment.
More
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| FCCU reliability and mechanical integrity |
D F Shaw, R E Walter, S Zaczepinski, Exxon Research and Engineering Co |
1997 / Q2 |
FCC
reliability and mechanical integrity contribute strongly to
profitability, and Exxon's efforts to improve these attributes have
resulted in a significant increase in unit run lengths, plus large
reductions in unplanned outages.
More
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| Critical factors affecting crude corrosivity |
Saadedine Tebbal and Russel D Kane, CLI International
Jorge L Hau, Intevep SA
Edmundo J Mirabal, Refineria Isla |
1997 / Q2 |
Lower
quality "opportunity" crudes are now processed in most refineries and
their source may vary daily. Knowledge of the principal
parameters affecting crude corrosivity is essential to prevent failure
and shortened life of equipment.
More
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| Optimising assets with machinery management systems |
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1997 / Q2 |
More
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| New innovations in coke drum deheading |
Leslie P Antalffy, Michael B Knowles, Samuel A Martin, William B Sines, Fluor Daniel Inc |
1998 / Q2 |
The
typical delayed coker drum operation cycle is outlined in this article,
focusing on deheading. Alco discussed is one of the first coke
drum deheading systems installed, which gave operational safety; and a
new automated boltless closure for ultimate use in coke drum top and
bottom head applications.
More
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| Modern pressure vessel technology for hydroprocessing reactors |
Takayasu Tahara, Japan Steel Works Ltd |
1998 / Q2 |
Along
with refiners' economic needs for long, maintenance-free runs goes the
requirement for high pressure, high temperature operation in large
reactors. The author describes developments in Cr-Mo steels to
meet the increased stresses.
More
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| Future role of industrial gas turbines |
Shashi Dharmadhikari, Ingerop |
1998 / Q2 |
Recent
developments in gas turbine technology have produced impressive
improvements in performance. Some are described in this article,
which also illustrates gas turbine applications in cogeneration and
trigeneration.
More
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| Large ethylene furnaces: changing the paradigm |
John R Brewer, Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation
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2000 / Q2 |
The
past decade has seen ethylene plants increase capacities to more than 1
million tonnes a year. The largest ethylene plant in the world,
at 1.3 million tonnes, is being built, yet only six furnaces are
required to meet this capacity, making these the largest-ever ethylene
pyrolysis furnaces.
More
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| Optimal reactor configuration with simulation tools |
Karin Bronsaer, DSM Research
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2000 / Q2 |
This
article describes how the modelling of high-pressure tubular reactors
is approached and the way simulations are used in cost-optimal reactor
design.
More
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| Reboilers behind distillation tower problems |
Edward L Hartman and Daryl W Hanson, Koch-Glitsch Inc
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2001 / Q2 |
A
review of common reboiler designs, with a discussion of case studies of
reboiler problems that caused towers to fail to meet
expectations. The aim in each case was to undertake simple
modifications to reboiler circuits without costly revamps.
More
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| Avoiding unscheduled shutdowns |
Gary L Martin and Tony Barletta, Process Consulting Services Inc
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2001 / Q2 |
Case
studies have demonstrated that correct heater design and consequent
performance will determine crude unit run length. This article
reviews two case histories that highlight some of the problems that
result in rapid coking.
More
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| Instrumentation: the key to revamp benefits |
Andrew W Sloley, The Distillation Group Inc
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2001 / Q2 |
The
author presents some examples from recent troubleshooting experiences
at plants with ineffective instrumentation, all of which caused major
losses before they were found and fixed.
More
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| Reduction of refinery stack emissions |
John Ellis, BP Oil
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2002 / Q2 |
The
latest generation of low NOx burners has been tested in a full-scale
fired process heater application and the results have demonstrated the
cost effectiveness of combustion source control.
More
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| Understanding centrifugal compressor performance |
Scott W Golden, Scott A Fulton, Daryl W Hanson, Process Consulting Services Inc
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2002 / Q2 |
In
a connected process system, expensive changes to the compressor and
driver can be avoided with system debottlenecking modifications.
The authors give examples of cost effective ways of increasing
compressor suction pressure.
More
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| Using gamma scans to plan maintenance of columns |
Lowell Pless and Bjorn Asseln, Tru-Tec Services Inc
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2002 / Q2 |
An
outline of the way in which gamma scanning of columns and vessels can
be used to evaluate, perform troubleshooting and prepare for a planned
shutdown of trayed and packed column and other equipment while the unit
is operating.
More
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