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| Catalyst bed protection |
Wouter Bos, Dahlman Filter Technology
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2006 / Catalysis |
Feedstock
filtration upstream of the hydrotreating and hydrocracking processes
can effectively protect the catalyst beds from fouling, and
consequently increase cycle length and prevent premature shutdowns.
More
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| Catalyst performance monitoring. |
Steve Philoon, UOP LLC
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2006 / Catalysis |
A
web-based catalyst performance-monitoring tool can improve
profitability. The CPM system enables the process engineer to
spend his time optimising the catalyst performance in the unit rather
than manipulating data.
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| Precious metals recovery |
Horst Meyer, Uli Blankenstein and J P Rosso, W C Hereaus GmbH
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2006 / Catalysis |
The recovery of platinum and other precious metals from spent reforming
catalysts is essential. Of special significance are fast cycle times
and high return rates from precious metals refiners.
More
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| Investigating hydrotreater performance |
Dave Ferguson and Mike Flenniken, Quest TruTec LP
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2006 / Catalysis |
A
discussion of the techniques for on-line investigations of
feed/effluent exchangers and operating reactors. On-line
investigation of diesel hydrotreating units can identify the causes of
poor performance in catalyst beds.
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| Achieving clean fuels objectives |
Jeffrey Sexton, Kenneth M Barnes and Ron L Cordle, Marathon Petroleum Company LLC Joe B McLean, C J Farley and James C Fu, Engelhard Corporation
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2006 / Catalysis |
Use
of gasoline sulphur reduction catalyst technology in refinery
applications is discussed. One refinery shows how high bottoms
conversion, gasoline and light olefin yield objectives can be achieved
while maintaining a profitability focus.
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| Avoiding FCC regenerator upsets |
David A Hunt and Adam Kasle, Grace Davison |
2006 / Catalysis |
A
step-wise investigation into the causes of regenerator catalyst
losses. Examination of all unit operating conditions indicates
that lowering the regenerator bed level will eliminate catalyst upsets
and increase unit charge rates.
More
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| Troubleshooting ZSM-5 in the FCC |
Solly Ismail, Engelhard Corporation
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2006 / Catalysis |
While
using a ZSM-5 additive to increase propylene, one refiner experienced
increases in FCC dry gas, coke and slurry oil, even at a reduced
reactor temperature. Operational problems were identified and
process strategies adjusted to increase LPG yields.
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| Improving FCC catalyst performance |
Michael K Maholland, Intercat Inc
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2006 / Catalysis |
Higher
volumes of heavier feeds can be processed with additives designed to
enhance base catalyst effectiveness. Deactivation and
dehydrogenation problems are avoided, while catalyst selectivity and
stability are preserved.
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| Improvement in FCC pretreatment catalysts |
Vito F Bavaro, Fernando Maldonado, David McNamara and Kevin Carlson, Criterion Catalysts & Technologies
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2006 / Catalysis |
A
new NiMo catalyst designed for processing severe FCC feeds can surpass
the performance achieved with previous-generation NiMo catalysts,
increasing FCC unit conversion and improving the catalyst's lifecycle
value.
More
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| Maximising octane |
Lars K Skyum, Haldor Topsoe A/S |
2006 / Catalysis |
A
large number of existing diesel hydrotreaters are operated at pressures
below 30 bar. The catalyst used for production of ULSD in these
hydrotreaters differs from catalyst formulations that perform well at
higher pressures.
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| Profitable resid processing |
Larry Hunt, Grace Davison
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2006 / Catalysis |
As
more refiners process a higher percentage of residual feedstock, FCC
catalyst technology can help refiners processing resids overcome any
negative effects on unit operation and operate more profitably and
efficiently.
More
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| Optimising multi-tubular reactors |
Cliff Johns, TubeMaster Inc
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2006 / Catalysis |
Performance
of multi-tubular catalyst reactors in the petrochemical industry can be
improved with a combination of strategies. Among the strategies
to be discussed is catalyst-loading technology.
More
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| Fischer-Tropsch and GTL update |
Rene G Gonzalez |
2006 / Catalysis |
Slurry
phase Fischer-Tropsch reactor configurations appear to be generally
favoured by most technology developers. Recent cobalt-based
catalyst developments are accelerating gas-to-liquids commercialisation.
More
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| Producing lubes and fuels |
Charlie Wills and Art Dahlberg, Chevron Lummus Global
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2006 / Catalysis |
Hydrocracking
is beneficial when producing both feed for lube base stocks and
fuels. The integration of Isocracking/Isodewaxing catalysts with
process for the production of premium lubricant base oils by
hydroprocessing is discussed.
More
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| Catalyst industry trends |
Rene G Gonzalez, Editor |
2007 / Catalysis |
Improved
catalytic formulations can lead to increased profitability through
higher product yields, longer operating cycles and better-quality
products, as well as increased throughput, higher conversion levels and
the ability to process higher endpoint feedstocks.
More
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| Meeting ULSD challenges |
Chris Egby, Criterion Catalysts & TechnologiesRobert Larsson, Preem Petroleum AB |
2007 / Catalysis |
Teamwork
and leading-edge technology were combined to turn a problem into an
opportunity at one Swedish refinery. Diesel specifications for
domestic as well as export markets were met with flexible process
strategies and effective catalysts.
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| FCC process fundamentals: coke basics |
Ziad Jawad, Shaw Stone & Webster> |
2007 / Catalysis |
A
study of FCC coke yields, sources, formation and delta coke
fundamentals affecting catalyst and unit performance. A review
for the experienced engineer and an introduction to the process for the
new engineer.
More
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| Maximising high-quality diesel |
Ben A Christolini and Christopher J Anderle, UOP LLC
Naji K Abou Chedid and Stuart G Simpson, UOP Ltd |
2007 / Catalysis |
Case
studies of three projects to integrate hydrocracking technology into
European refineries. The resulting integration provides a product
slate well aligned with projected future demand. Economic
projections make these projects highly attractive investments.
More
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| Towards sulphur-free fuel production |
Hideshi Iki, Nippon Oil Corporation |
2007 / Catalysis |
The
production of sulphur-free fuel from catalytically cracked gasolines,
by means of improved catalysts and the optimisation of reaction
conditions, is now a possibility. The stability and activity of
various HDS and HDC catalysts is compared.
More
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| Hydrogen production: run length enhancement |
Mukesh Mohan, S K Ghosh and C Manoharan, Indian Oil Corporation Limited. |
2007 / Catalysis |
Run
length enhancement of the hydrogen-generation unit calls for an overall
understanding of critical areas and issues, as well as the elimination
of various constraints. The essence of avoiding outages lies in
learning by experience.
More
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| Alternatives to improving FCC performance |
M I Levinbuk, Moscow Refinery and Gubkin Russian State Oil & Gas University E A Kozyukov, Russian Oil & Gas Company I Y Smorodinskaya and M Y Melnikov, Moscow State University V M Kapustin, Gubkin Russian State Oil & Gas University A A Lebedev and V I Zuber, Moscow Refinery
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2007 / Catalysis |
The
usage of LAY zeolites in FCC catalyst preparation can provide a more
flexible selection of speciality catalysts for FCCUs operating at
different conditions as an alternative to modernising a FCCU
reactor-regenerator section.
More
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| Increasing xylene production |
Alberto Carimati, Cassey Lim and Jenny Law Ping Fung, Singapore Pte Ltd Gary Marr, UOP LLC
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2007 / Catalysis |
High-activity
xylene isomerisation catalyst properties can lead to the efficient use
of mixed xylene feedstock. One plant production PIA and
meta-xylene increased its profitability by avoiding unwanted side
reactions and reducing hydrogen consumption.
More
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